The supply chain includes all parts including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and customers, both directly and indirectly in meeting customer demand. The supply chain includes not only the manufacturers and suppliers but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and even the customer itself.
In each organization such as manufacturing, supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling customer demand. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service.
The supply chain is dynamic and involves a constant flow of information, products, and finance between the different levels. In fact, the main purpose of the various supply chain is to satisfy customer needs and in the process, generate profits for himself.
Supply chain lead to a picture on the movement of products or supplies from suppliers to manufacturers of products, distributors, retailers, customers throughout the chain.
Supply chain usually involves a variety of levels. The levels include:
Customer
Retailer
Distributor
Manufacturer products
Component or raw material suppliers.
Pictures of the levels of the supply chain:
Explanation:
Each level of the supply chain is connected through the flow of products, information, and financial. This flow usually occurs directly and may be regulated by one level or intermediaries. Each level do not want shown in the supply chain. The design of appropriate supply chain depending on customer needs and roles undertaken by each level are involved.
The objective of every supply chain should be to maximize overall value. The value of the supply chain is different between what the end result is valuable for customers and supply chain costs which occur in filling customer demand.
The design, planning and operations kaputusan important role in the success or failure of a company.
The stages in the supply chain decision making:
Supply chain strategy or design.
During this stage provide a marketing plan and pricing for the product, the company decides how to structure the supply chain in the next few years.
Supply chain planning.
Decisions made during this stage the time frame being considered is a quarter of the year. The composition of the supply chain has been determined that certain strategic phase. This arrangement determines the existing barriers. The success of planning to maximize supply chain surplus that can be generated by planning to provide obstacles that arise during the design phase or strategic.
Supply chain operations
Time spent here is a weekly or daily, and during this phase the company make decisions based on individual customer orders.
Reference:
Chopra, Sunil and Peter Meindl. 2007. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning & Operations, 3rd Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall.
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